By examining fine needle aspirates of draining axillary lymph nodes, we identified germinal centre B cells that bound S protein in all participants who were sampled after primary immunization.
These plasmablast responses preceded maximal levels of serum anti-S binding and neutralizing antibodies to an early circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain as well as emerging variants, especially in individuals who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 (who produced the most robust serological responses). Circulating IgG- and IgA-secreting plasmablasts that target the S protein peaked one week after the second immunization and then declined, becoming undetectable three weeks later. Here we examined antigen-specific B cell responses in peripheral blood ( n = 41) and draining lymph nodes in 14 individuals who had received 2 doses of BNT162b2, an mRNA-based vaccine that encodes the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike ( S) gene 1. The dynamics of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and germinal centre B cells induced by these vaccines in humans remain unclear. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines are about 95% effective in preventing COVID-19 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Nature volume 596, pages 109–113 ( 2021) Cite this article Select "EntityID_SEQ".SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses > create table "Role"("RoleID" number, "Name" varchar2(30), "DisplayName" varchar2(30)) > create table "Entity"("EntityID" number)
Depending on how this is being run (as a script?), you may need to end the PLSQL block with a forward slash: declareĪnd to show you that your code should work exactly as-is (on Oracle 11GR2 the script output from SQL Developer apparently doesn't show the semicolons after the create or select statements or the slash on the line after the end but all were present in the original buffer): > create sequence "EntityID_SEQ"
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